One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

Nowadays, the lack of water sources and water pollution by industrial wastewater has become a significant challenge. One of the pollutants of water resources, which threatens water resources, is the phenol that enters the environment through wastewater from various industries such as petrochemicals, refineries, pharmaceuticals, etc. Due to the phenol toxicity, high stability, and solubility in water caused many problems; it is essential to remove it from industrial wastewater. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to remove phenol from wastewater by using catalytic oxidation. Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst was synthesized by precipitation method, and its characteristics were determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the iron ions are in the MFI structure, and the catalyst has a good crystallinity phase so that it retains its MFI structure. BET analysis showed that the specific surface area of the synthesized catalyst is 293g/m2. The catalytic activity of Fe-ZSM-5 was investigated in the degradation of phenol, and the results showed that the mentioned catalyst had the highest removal percentage (85. 82%) in 90 min at pH = 4. 25 and T= 70 ° C. The effect of various parameters such as ultraviolet radiation, initial pollutant concentration, catalyst loading, and H2O2 concentration on the catalytic activity was also investigated.

The ability of plant communities in natural ecosystems to modify temperature has become increasingly important due to the profound impacts of global climate change, particularly in arid regions. However, previous studies have provided limited information on the long-term temperature feedback of these plant communities and the biotic drivers behind these changes. This study aimed to determine the functional traits and types of plant communities as biotic drivers of land surface temperature (LST) at the plant community scale, with a focus on identifying co-functioning communities in the Sirjan region of Kerman Province. To achieve this, we utilized the MODIS-LST 8-day composite product at the plant community scale and measured functional traits of dominant species through field operations. The results revealed that leaf dry matter content (LDMC), maximum height (MH), and leaf width (LW) traits significantly reduce LST. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated that the plant communities in the study area can be classified into five functional groups, which fall into two co-function categories. The S-strategized co-function (e.g., 26 communities), characterized by high LDMC values and a combination of abrupt and trend feedback in LST, was found to be more effective than the R-strategized co-function (e.g., 13 communities), which exhibited only trend feedback. Therefore, it can be argued that extreme temperatures, as a global concern, can be mitigated through careful selection of vegetation based on functional traits and strategies. This approach, particularly through rangeland improvement practices using species such as Astragalus spachianus, Cornulaca monacantha, and Launaea acanthodes, could play a significant role in addressing this challenge.

In this study, the life history characteristics of Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault), an established egg parasitoid species in southwestern Iran, parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) were examined at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C. The results showed that different constant temperatures significantly affected the number of parasitized eggs, development time, sex ratio, tibial length, number of parasitoids per host egg, progeny longevity, and fecundity. T. euproctidis failed to complete development at 18 °C, the lowest temperature tested. The mean developmental duration from egg to adult female decreased from 15.33 days at 21 °C to 7.25 days at 33 °C. An average of 188-degree days was required to complete development above the lower threshold temperature (7.2 °C). Survivorship was 96.20, 97.20, 98.33, 85.46, and 82.22 % at 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C, respectively. The mean longevity of T. euproctidis ranged from 11.60 days at 21 °C to 4.57 days at 33 °C. Mean total progeny ranged from 19.50 / female at 33 °C to 168.70 / female at 21 °C. Data analysis demonstrated that different constant temperatures had a significant effect on the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and generation time (T). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) improved with temperature from 0.240/day at 21°C to 0.370/day at 27 °C and then decreased at higher temperatures. Generation time decreased from 16.90 days to 7.53 days with increasing temperature. The optimal temperature for development and reproduction of T. euproctidis was 27 °C. The results of this study showed that this strain of T. euproctidis appears to have the potential to be utilized in integrated management programs targeting H. armigera.

The current study aimed to optimize artificial insemination in aged broiler breeder hens in two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of (two) different diluted semen temperatures (5 and 25 °C) of Hubbard rooster (40 roosters, 58 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and sperm penetration (SP) rate in the perivitelline layer of Hubbard hen (180 hens) were investigated. In the second experiment, three (different) sperm concentrations (100 (C100), 200 (C200), and 400 (C400) million sperm in 0.25 mL per hen) of Hubbard roosters (40 roosters, 62 weeks of age) on fertility, hatchability and SP rate of Hubbard broiler breeder hens (270 hens) were explored. In the first experiment, the results showed that the temperature of 5 °C of diluted semen compared to the 25 °C, increased percentage of hatchability of set eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, and SP and decreased early embryonic mortality. The results of the second experiment showed the highest percentage of fertility and SP rate were observed at treatment C400. Also, in this experiment that highest percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertile eggs and lowest early embryonic mortality were observed at treatment C400. Return on investment (ROI) of the treatments C200 and C400 was approximately 2.9 and 1.4, respectively. In overall, the results of this study showed that (in attention to ROI and hatchability) to optimize artificial insemination of aged broiler breeder hens we can use a sperm concentration of 200 to 400 million in 0.25 mL per hens at 5 °C.

In order to investigate the effect of operational parameters on corrosion resistance of trication zinc phosphate coating on iron steels substrate in dip system, a series of experiments were done in laboratory. After salt spray test, a test that indicates the corrosion resistance of a painted film, the following results were obtained: for free acidity, when it was gradually increased, corrosion resistance of coating increased so that in a certain range, it achieved the best resistance; when it was further increased, the corrosion resistance decreased. For total acidity, it was observed again that within a certain range of total acid, the corrosion resistance of coating was high enough and out of this range decreasing of resistance was observed. As far as the time is concerned, in an initial range, corrosion resistance increased but after this initial range, no considerable change in resistance observed. For operational temperature, it was observed again that in a certain range of temperature the coating had its best resistance and out of that this resistance decreased. For accelerators concentration, in its low concentrations the corrosion resistance was more comparing to its high concentrations. And as far as the activators concentration was concerned, in lower concentrations the coating had higher corrosion resistance than in higher ones.

Li-ion battery temperature affects its performance, significantly, and keeping its temperature in proper operational temperature is obligatory; so, this guarantees the performance, safety, and life span of the battery. In this study, the performance of the planar Li-ion battery temperature management system with 6 cells in cold weather (initial temperature -20oC) is investigated. The maximum temperature difference and the average temperature of the battery cells are the two main performance criteria of the temperature management system. Effects of mass flow rate, number of heating plates, and flow arrangement consisting of parallel, counter, and zig-zag flow arrangements on the performance criterion and also on the warm-up time are studied. Results show that by increasing the fluid mass flow rate batteries reach the proper temperature (20 oC) faster and the temperature difference decreases. At a constant mass rate, the addition of heating plates decreases the warm-up time. The zig-zag flow arrangement has better performance in terms of temperature difference criteria up to 8 times and reaches 2.1 degrees at the maximum value, but parallel-flow warms up the batteries faster than the other flow arrangements.

Air conditioning systems are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning systems, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, and the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.